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622. Design Circular Queue

문제 링크

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-circular-queue/description/

문제 설명

Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle, and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called “Ring Buffer”.

One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.

Implement the MyCircularQueue class:

  • MyCircularQueue(k) Initializes the object with the size of the queue to be k.
  • int Front() Gets the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
  • int Rear() Gets the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
  • boolean enQueue(int value) Inserts an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
  • boolean deQueue() Deletes an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
  • boolean isEmpty() Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.
  • boolean isFull() Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.

You must solve the problem without using the built-in queue data structure in your programming language.

제한 사항

  • 1 <= k <= 1000
  • 0 <= value <= 1000
  • At most 3000 calls will be made to enQueue, deQueue, Front, Rear, isEmpty, and isFull.

입출력 예 #1

  1. Input : [“MyCircularQueue”, “enQueue”, “enQueue”, “enQueue”, “enQueue”, “Rear”, “isFull”, “deQueue”, “enQueue”, “Rear”] [[3], [1], [2], [3], [4], [], [], [], [4], []]
  2. Output : [null, true, true, true, false, 3, true, true, true, 4]
  3. Explanation MyCircularQueue myCircularQueue = new MyCircularQueue(3);

myCircularQueue.enQueue(1); // return True

myCircularQueue.enQueue(2); // return True

myCircularQueue.enQueue(3); // return True

myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return False

myCircularQueue.Rear(); // return 3

myCircularQueue.isFull(); // return True

myCircularQueue.deQueue(); // return True

myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return True

myCircularQueue.Rear(); // return 4

문제 풀이

배열을 이용하여 원형 큐를 구현한다.

class MyCircularQueue:
    def __init__(self, k: int):
        self.q = [None] * k
        self.maxlen = k
        self.p1 = 0
        self.p2 = 0

    # enQueue() : rear 포인터 이동
    def enQueue(self, value: int) -> bool:
        if self.q[self.p2] is None:
            self.q[self.p2] = value
            self.p2 = (self.p2 + 1) % self.maxlen
            return True
        else:
            return False

    # deQueue() : front 포인터 이동
    def deQueue(self) -> bool:
        if self.q[self.p1] is None:
            return False
        else: 
            self.q[self.p1] = None
            self.p1 = (self.p1 + 1) % self.maxlen
            return True

    def Front(self) -> int:
        return -1 if self.q[self.p1] is None else self.q[self.p1]

    def Rear(self) -> int:
        return -1 if self.q[self.p2 - 1] is None else self.q[self.p2 - 1]

    def isEmpty(self) -> bool:
        return self.p1 == self.p2 and self.q[self.p1] is None

    def isFull(self) -> bool:
        return self.p1 == self.p2 and self.q[self.p1] is not None

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